Penghambatan Enzim Tirosinase Ekstrak Etanol dari Tiga Varian Daun Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth)
Tyrosinase Enzyme Inhibition of Ethanol Extract of Three Leaf Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v6i3.2240Keywords:
Enzim tirosinase, kratom, Mitragyna speciosa, melaninAbstract
The enzyme tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) plays a role in the browning reaction of peels, fruits and vegetables, by catalyzing the process of melanin production. Therefore, tyrosinase inhibitors are needed to prevent excess melanin production from causing adverse browning reactions. Kratom leaves (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) contain secondary metabolites of alkaloids and flavonoids which are thought to have better and safer activity as tyrosinase inhibitors than kojic acid. Based on the color of the leaf veins, kratom leaves are divided into 3 variants, namely red, green and white kratom veins. This study aims to examine the activity of the ethanol extract of three variants of kratom leaves as an inhibitor of the tyrosinase enzyme. The results showed that the IC50 value of the three kratom leaf variants was >700 µg/mL while the IC50 value of kojic acid was 32.85 µg/mL. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of kratom leaf variants of red, green and white veins did not have activity as an inhibitor of the tyrosinase enzyme because the IC50 values of all three were >700 µg/mL.
Keywords: Tyrosinase enzyme, Kratom, Mitragyna specios, melanin
Abstrak
Enzim tirosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) berperan dalam reaksi pencoklatan kulit, buah, dan sayur, dengan mengkatalisis proses produksi melanin. Oleh karena itu, penghambat tirosinase diperlukan untuk mencegah produksi melanin berlebih sehingga menyebabkan reaksi pencoklatan yang merugikan. Daun kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder alkaloid dan flavonoid yang diduga memiliki aktivitas sebagai penghambat enzim tirosinase. Berdasarkan warna vena daunnya, daun kratom terbagi menjadi 3 varian, yaitu kratom vena merah, hijau dan putih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sifat penghambatan ekstrak etanol tiga varian daun kratom terhadap enzim tirosinase. Ekstrak etanol diperoleh dengan mengekstraksi secara maserasi serbuk kering 3 varian daun kratom dengan etanol selama 72 jam. Sifat penghambatan enzim tirosinase dilakukan dengan metode kolorimetri dan asam kojat sebagai pembamding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai IC50 ketiga varian daun kratom >700 µg/mL sedangkan nilai IC50 asam kojat sebesar 32,85 µg/mL. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun kratom varian merah, hijau dan putih tidak memiliki aktivitas sebagai penghambat enzim tirosinase karena nilai IC50 ketiganya >700 µg/mL.
Kata Kunci: Enzim tirosinase, kratom, Mitragyna speciosa, melanin
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