Potensi Ekstrak Kasar Enzim dari Tempe Kedelai Hitam (Glycine soja (L.) Merr.) sebagai Obat Fibrinolitik Alami dengan Metode Clot Lysis In Vitro
Potential of Crude Enzymes from Black Soybean Tempeh (Glycine soja (L.) Merr.) as a Natural Fibrinolytic Medicine with Clot Lysis In Vitro Method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v5i2.1712Keywords:
Black soybean, fibrinolytics, fibrin, ammonium sulfate, clot lysisAbstract
Fibrinolytic enzymes are enzymes that can be used to break down fibrin. In thrombus therapy (cardiovascular disease), this enzyme has an activity similar to plasmin, which is able to reduce fibrin by hydrolyzing fibrin into dissolved products and inhibiting the formation of fibrin clots that can trigger cardiovascular disease. Black soybean tempeh has various benefits, one of which is to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and reduce the risk of blood clots. Due to the content of the enzyme protease in black soybeans which is able to degrade fibrin threads. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential of black soybean tempeh (Glycine soja (L.) Merr) can produce enzyme extracts as natural fibrinolytic drugs. This study was conducted by taking ingredients, crude extraction of enzymes from black soybean tempeh by centrifugation, purification of crude extracts of enzymes using ammonium sulfate salts of 80%, determination of enzyme protein levels with the Lowry method and testing of fibrinolytic potential with the clot lysis method in vitro. The variation in the concentration of the extract used in the test was 12.5; 25; 50 and 100%. The results showed that crude extracts of black soybean tempeh enzymes were able to lyse blood clots. The protein content of the black soybean tempeh extract sample after purification using ammonium sulfate was 245.76 μg/mL. The optimum percentage of blood clot lysis at a concentration of 100% of the sample after purification was 59%.
Keywords: Black soybean, fibrinolytics, fibrin, ammonium sulfate, clot lysis
Abstrak
Enzim fibrinolitik adalah enzim yang dapat digunakan untuk memecah fibrin. Pada terapi trombus (penyakit kardiovaskular), enzim ini memiliki aktivitas yang mirip dengan plasmin yaitu mampu menurunkan fibrin dengan menghidrolisis fibrin menjadi produk terlarut dan menghambat pembentukan bekuan fibrin yang dapat memicu adanya penyakit kardiovaskular. Tempe kedelai hitam memiliki berbagai manfaat salah satunya adalah menurunkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular dan mengurangi risiko penggumpalan darah. Karena kandungan enzim protease pada kedelai hitam yang mampu mendegradasi benang fibrin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui potensi tempe kedelai hitam (Glycine soja (L.) Merr) dapat menghasilkan ekstrak enzim sebagai obat fibrinolitik alami. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengambilan bahan, ekstraksi kasar enzim dari tempe kedelai hitam dengan sentrifugasi, pemurnian ekstrak kasar enzim menggunakan garam ammonium sulfat 80%, penetapan kadar protein enzim dengan metode Lowry serta pengujian potensi fibrinolitik dengan metode clot lysis secara in vitro. Variasi konsentrasi ekstrak yang digunakan dalam pengujian adalah 12,5 ; 25 ; 50 dan 100%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak kasar enzim tempe kedelai hitam mampu melisiskan bekuan darah. Kadar protein sampel ekstrak tempe kedelai hitam setelah dilakukan pemurnian menggunakan ammonium sulfat sebesar 245,76 μg/mL. Persentase lisis bekuan darah yang optimum pada konsentrasi 100% dari sampel yang setelah dilakukan pemurnian yaitu sebesar 59%.
Kata Kunci: Kedelai hitam, fibrinolitik, fibrin, ammonium sulfat, clot lysis
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