Potensi Senyawa Fitokimia pada Tumbuhan dalam Menurunkan Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Diabetes Melitus
Potential of Phytochemical Compounds in Plants in Lowering Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v4i5.1259Keywords:
Diabetes melitus, fitokimia, glukosa darahAbstract
Diabetes melitus adalah gangguan metabolik kronis yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia atau tingginya glukosa dalam darah karena gangguan dalam sekresi maupun respons terhadap hormon insulin. Menurut data dari International Diabetes Federation, prevalensi diabetes melitus di seluruh dunia sudah sangat tinggi, yaitu 537 juta pada tahun 2021. Akan tetapi, sudah ada berbagai obat alternatif alami yang dapat digunakan untuk menangani penyakit tersebut. Dalam beberapa penelitian, banyak tanaman yang sudah teruji khasiatnya sebagai obat antidiabetes alami karena kandungan fitokimianya. Studi literature review ini dilakukan dengan pencarian data melalui Google Scholar dan Science Direct dalam kurun waktu 10 tahun terakhir (2013-2022). Dari 29 artikel yang sesuai diperoleh hasil bahwa beberapa kandungan fitokimia pada tumbuhan seperti alkaloid dengan kemampuannya memperbaiki sel beta pankreas, flavonoid sebagai astringen, saponin dengan kemampuannya menstimulasi sekresi insulin dari sel beta pankreas, dan tanin sebagai antioksidan alami berpotensi menurunkan glukosa darah pada diabetes melitus tipe 1 dan 2.
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