Isolasi Fungi Endofit Batang Bajakah (Uncaria nervosa Elmer) dan Pengujian Toksisitas dengan Metode BSLT
Isolation of Endophytic Fungi from Bajakah Stems (Uncaria nervosa Elmer) and Toxicity Testing by BSLT Method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v5iSE-1.2053Abstract
Bajakah (Uncaria nervosa Elmer) is one of the plants that grows a lot in East Kalimantan and difficult to cultivate. Empirically, Bajakah stems are used by rural communities, especially the Dayak people for the treatment of various diseases by drinking boiled water, causing Bajakah stems to be exploited. Endophytic fungi are endophytic microbes that live in plant tissues asymptomatically and can produce secondary metabolites with various biological activities, one of which is anticancer. This study aims to isolate the endophytic fungi of the Bajakah stem and test the toxicity using the BSLT method on Artemia salina shrimp larvae as an initial screening to determine the potential of endophytic fungi as a producer of candidate drug compounds. Based on the results of the study, 2 isolates of the endophytic fungi of the Bajakah stem were obtained. The results of the toxicity test of the UN 3B isolate extract obtained an LC50 value of 21.4 ppm, while the UN 4B isolate extract was 28.2 ppm. Each extract is cytotoxic because it can cause the death of 50% of test animals at concentrations <1000 ppm.
Keywords: Bajakah, endophytic fungi, cytotoxic test, BSLT
Abstrak
Bajakah (Uncaria nervosa Elmer) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang banyak tumbuh di Kalimantan Timur dan sulit dibudidayakan. Secara empiris, batang Bajakah dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat pedalaman, khususnya masyarakat suku Dayak untuk pengobatan berbagai penyakit dengan cara meminum air rebusan, sehingga menyebabkan batang Bajakah di eksploitasi. Fungi endofit merupakan mikroba endofit yang hidup di jaringan tumbuhan secara asimtomatis dan dapat menghasilkan senyawa metabolit sekunder dengan berbagai aktivitas biologis salah satunya antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi fungi endofit batang Bajakah dan uji toksisitas dengan metode BSLT terhadap larva udang Artemia salina sebagai skrining awal untuk mengetahui potensi fungi endofit sebagai penghasil kandidat senyawa obat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh 2 isolat fungi endofit batang Bajakah. Hasil uji toksisitas ekstrak isolat UN 3B diperoleh nilai LC50 sebesar 21,4 ppm, sedangkan ekstrak isolat UN 4B sebesar 28,2 ppm. Pada masing-masing ekstrak bersifat sitotoksik karena dapat menyebabkan kematian 50% hewan uji pada konsentrasi <1000 ppm.
Kata Kunci: Bajakah, fungi endofit, uji sitotoksik, BSLT
References
S. Maulina, D. R. Pratiwi, and Erwin, “Skrining Fitokimia dan Bioaktivitas Ekstrak Akar Uncaria nervosa Elmer (Bajakah),” J. At., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 100–102, 2019, [Online]. Available: http://jurnal.kimia.fmipa.unmul.ac.id/index.php/JA/article/download/902/556.
Q. Zhang, J. J. Zhao, J. Xu, F. Feng, and W. Qu, “Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of the Genus Uncaria,” J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 173, pp. 1–33, 2015.
P. P. Paramita and H. L. Tata, “Phytochemical Compounds Identification of Three Bajakah Species (Salacia sp., Uncaria acida, and Uncaria gambir) using GC-MS Pyrolysis,” IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 762, no. 1, pp. 1–12, 2021, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/762/1/012043.
N. Qin et al., “Recent Research Progress of Uncaria spp. based on Alkaloids: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Structural Chemistry,” Eur. J. Med. Chem., vol. 210, p. 112960, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112960.
Fitriani, E. Sampepana, and S. H. Saputra, “Karakteristik Tanaman Akar Bajakah (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) dari Loakulu Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara,” J. Ris. Teknol. Ind., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 365–376, 2020.
M. Arifuddin, M. Bone, Iswahyudi, A. Ibrahim, and L. O. Rijai, “Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Fungi Endofit Tanaman Tapak Dara (Catharanthus roseus),” J. Trop. Pharm. Chem., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 22–26, 2017.
S. H. Ramadhani, Samingan, and Iswadi, “Isolasi dan Identifikasi Jamur Endofit pada Daun Jamblang (Syzygium cumini L.),” J. Ilm. Mhs. Fak. Kegur. dan Ilmu Pendidik. Unsyiah, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 77–90, 2017.
V. V. Hasiani, I. Ahmad, and L. Rijai, “Isolasi Jamur Endofit dan Produksi Metabolit Sekunder Antioksidan dari Daun Pacar (Lawsonia inermis L.),” J. Sains dan Kesehat., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 146–153, 2015, doi: 10.25026/jsk.v1i4.32.
A. Ramadhani, M. Arifuddin, and R. Rusli, “Profil Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) Ekstrak Fungi Endofit Akar Kuning (Arcangelisia flava L. Merr.),” Proc. Mul. Pharm. Conf., vol. 1, pp. 21–24, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.25026/mpc.v13i1.438%0A1.
J. Hasanah, R. Kartika, and P. Simanjuntak, “Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dengan Metode Peredaman Radikal Bebas dan Sitotoksik dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) Akar Bajakah (Uncaria tomentosa (Willd ex Schult). DC),” in Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kimia Berwawasan Lingkungan, 2020, pp. 50–54.
R. C. Rowe, P. J. Sheskey, and M. E. Quinn, Handbook f Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sixth. Washington DC: Pharmaceutical Press and American Pharmacists Association, 2009.
J. L. Carballo, Z. L. Hernández-Inda, P. Pérez, and M. D. García-Grávalos, “A comparison between two brine shrimp assays to detect in vitro cytotoxicity in marine natural products,” BMC Biotechnol., vol. 2, pp. 1–5, 2002, doi: 10.1186/1472-6570-2-17.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
