Penanganan pada Pasien yang Mengalami Gangguan Otot Akibat Pemberian Obat Golongan Statin (SAMS): Review
Statin Associated Muscle Symptoms (SAMS) and the Development: Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v6i5.1676Keywords:
statin, dislipidemia, kolesterol, SAMS, miopatiAbstract
It is crucial to provide information on therapeutic goals, pharmacological side effects, drug interactions, medication adherence, and lifestyle choices because treating dyslipidemia requires a long-term approach in order to lower and stabilize blood cholesterol levels. Due to their effectiveness in lowering mortality and morbidity, statin-class medications are typically used to lower blood lipid levels. The usage of this class of medications is quite safe, and any side effects are generally tolerable. However, the most common side effect, which is quite serious and worth noting, is muscle pain. If these side effects last a long time and increase in severity, Statin Associated Muscle Symptoms (SAMS) will appear and needs to be treated separately. In the majority of adult patients discontinuing statins, SAMS was the primary reason for having a substantial health impact. Patients who stop treatment show the greatest increase in LDL and are the least likely to achieve the target LDL. Statin intolerance is associated with a higher rate of recurrent myocardial infarction, CHD events, and death. As a result, a variety of approaches must be taken to manage and treat SAMS, with the best treatment combining non-statin-based lipid-lowering therapy with maximally tolerable doses of statins to achieve target LDL.
Keywords: statin, dyslipidemia, cholesterol, SAMS, myopathy
Abstrak
Pengobatan dislipidemia merupakan pengobatan jangka panjang dengan target menurunkan dan menstabilkan kadar lipid dalam darah sehingga penting untuk memberikan informasi terkait tujuan terapi, efek samping obat, interaksi obat, kepatuhan dalam pengobatan dan pola gaya hidup. Obat golongan statin merupakan pilihan utama dalam menurunkan kadar lipid dalam darah dikarenakan efektivitasnya dalam menurunkan mortalitas dan morbiditas. Penggunaan obat golongan ini cukup aman dan efek samping yang muncul relatif dapat ditoleransi. Namun, efek samping yang paling sering muncul, yang cukup serius dan patut diperhatikan adalah nyeri pada otot. Efek samping ini jika berlangsung lama dan terjadi peningkatan keparahan maka akan muncul diagnosis gangguan otot disebabkan penggunaan statin (SAMS) dan perlu dilakukannya penanganan tersendiri. Mayoritas pasien dewasa yang menghentikan statin, SAMS sebagai alasan utama sehingga memberikan dampak kesehatan yang substansial. Pasien yang menghentikan pengobatan menunjukkan peningkatan paling besar pada LDL dan kecil kemungkinannya untuk mencapai LDL target. Selain itu, intoleransi statin dikaitkan dengan tingkat infark miokard berulang, kejadian PJK hingga kematian yang lebih tinggi. Oleh karena itu, harus dilakukan berbagai strategi untuk mengelola dan mengobati SAMS dimana terapi yang optimal harus menggabungkan dosis statin yang dapat ditoleransi secara maksimal, atau bahkan non-harian, bersama dengan terapi penurun lipid berbasis non-statin untuk mencapai target LDL.
Kata Kunci: statin, dislipidemia, kolesterol, SAMS, miopati
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