Hubungan Derajat Kerusakan Histopatologi Testis pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Terpapar Asap Obat Nyamuk Bakar

Relationship Between the Degree of Histopathological Damage to the Testis in Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Exposed to Mosquito Repellent Smoke

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of exposure to mosquito coil smoke on the histopathological appearance of rat testes as a model of the male reproductive system. Mosquito coils are widely used as household insecticides, especially in developing countries. However, the combustion process produces indoor air pollutants such as fine particulates, carbon monoxide, and pyrethroid organic compounds such as D-Allethrin, or Transfluthrin which have the potential to cause systemic toxic effects. The testes are organs that are vulnerable to exposure to toxic substances because they play an important role in spermatogenesis and testosterone production. This laboratory experimental study with a Post-Test Only Control Group Design used 14 male Rattus Norvegicus rats divided into control and treatment groups. The treatment group was exposed to smoke for 8 hours per day for 30 days. Testicular tissue was examined under a microscope and assessed based on four damage parameters, namely germ cell degeneration, decreased epithelial height, cell vacuolization, and narrowing of the lumen. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the histopathological damage score of 8.02±1.15 in the treatment group compared to the control group of 0,86 ± 0,69, indicating that chronic exposure has the potential to disrupt the histopathological structure of the testes Rattus norvegicus experimental animal model.

Keywords:          mosquito coil smoke, testicular histopathology, rat, spermatogenesis, reproductive toxicity

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek paparan asap obat nyamuk bakar terhadap gambaran histopatologi testis tikus sebagai model sistem reproduksi jantan. Obat nyamuk bakar banyak digunakan sebagai insektisida rumah tangga, terutama di negara berkembang. Namun, proses pembakarannya menghasilkan polutan udara dalam ruangan seperti partikulat halus, karbon monoksida, dan senyawa organik piretroid seperti D-Allethrin, atau Transfluthrin yang berpotensi menimbulkan efek toksik sistemik. Testis merupakan organ yang rentan terhadap paparan zat toksik karena berperan penting dalam spermatogenesis dan produksi testosteron. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratorium dengan desain Post-Test Only Control Group Design menggunakan 14 ekor tikus jantan Rattus Norvegicus yang dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan. Kelompok perlakuan dipaparkan asap selama 8 jam per hari selama 30 hari. Jaringan testis diperiksa di bawah mikroskop dan dinilai berdasarkan empat parameter kerusakan yaitu degenerasi sel germinal, penurunan tinggi epitel, vakuolisasi sel serta penyempitan lumen. Terdapat peningkatan secara bermakna (p<0,05) skor kerusakan histopatologi sebesar 8,02±1,15 pada kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol sebesar 0,86 ± 0,69 menunjukkan paparan kronis berpotensi mengganggu struktur histopatologi testis model hewan coba Rattus norvegicus.

Kata Kunci:         asap obat nyamuk bakar, histopatologi testis, tikus, spermatogenesis, toksisitas reproduksi