Uji Aktivitas Analgesik Topikal Ekstrak Daun Mint (Mentha piperita) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Pelarut Etanol Menggunakan Metode Tail Flick
Topical Analgesic Activity Test of Mint Leaf Extract (Mentha piperita) with Variations in Ethanol Solvent Concentration Using the Tail Flick Method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v8i1.2588Abstract
Pain is a physiological response due to tissue damage or harmful stimuli that require analgesic therapy. Long-term use of synthetic analgesics carries the risk of side effects, so natural alternatives are needed, one of which is mint leaves (Mentha piperita) which contain menthol as an analgesic compound. The concentration of ethanol in the extraction process is known to affect the content of active compounds and their pharmacological activity. This study aims to evaluate the topical analgesic effect of mint leaf extract gel extracted with 50%, 70%, and 96% ethanol using the tail flick method in white mice (Mus musculus). The gel was applied to the tail of the mice, then pain was induced with hot water at 55±0.5°C. Latency time was recorded at certain observation intervals. The results showed a significant difference in the average latency time between treatment groups compared to the negative control starting at the 30th minute (p<0.05). The 96% ethanol extract gel showed the highest analgesic effect at the 150th minute with a latency time of 9.05±0.34 seconds and analgesic activity of 53.71%. In conclusion, variations in ethanol concentration affect the optimization of the topical analgesic activity of mint leaves.
Keywords: pain, mint leaf, topical analgesic, effectiveness, tail flick
Abstrak
Nyeri merupakan respons fisiologis akibat kerusakan jaringan atau rangsangan berbahaya sehingga memerlukan terapi analgesik. Penggunaan analgesik sintetis jangka panjang berisiko menimbulkan efek samping, sehingga diperlukan alternatif berbahan alam, salah satunya daun mint (Mentha piperita) yang mengandung mentol sebagai senyawa analgesik. Konsentrasi etanol dalam proses ekstraksi diketahui memengaruhi kandungan senyawa aktif dan aktivitas farmakologisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efek analgesik topikal gel ekstrak daun mint hasil ekstraksi dengan etanol 50%, 70%, dan 96% menggunakan metode tail flick pada mencit putih (Mus musculus). Gel dioleskan pada ekor mencit, kemudian diinduksi nyeri dengan air panas 55±0,5°C. Waktu latensi dicatat pada interval pengamatan tertentu. Hasil menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan rerata waktu latensi antar kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan kontrol negatif mulai menit ke-30 (p<0,05). Gel ekstrak etanol 96% menunjukkan efek analgesik tertinggi pada menit ke-150 dengan waktu latensi 9,05 ± 0,34 detik dan aktivitas analgesik 53,71%. Kesimpulannya, variasi konsentrasi etanol berpengaruh terhadap optimalisasi aktivitas analgesik topikal daun mint.
Kata Kunci: nyeri, daun mint, analgesik topikal, efektivitas, tail flick
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