Hubungan Respon Inflamasi terhadap Komplikasi Kemoterapi pada Pasien Ca Mammae yang Menjalani Serial Kemoterapi di RS Ibnu Sina YW UMI
The Relationship Between Inflammatory Response and Chemotherapy Complications in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Serial Chemotherapy at Ibnu Sina Hospital, YW UMI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v7i6.2568Abstract
Breast cancer is a malignant disease in which abnormal breast cells grow out of control and form tumors, with the main treatments being surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Chemotherapy is a definite treatment option for breast cancer patients, but the treatment is still not very specific, so it can cause damage to normal tissue, especially to cells that can divide rapidly. The cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy agents activate danger signals and increase inflammatory mediators, resulting in clinical complications. Inflammation is mediated by cytokines, which under normal conditions play a role in fighting infection and repairing damaged tissue. However, chemotherapy can cause cytokine dysregulation, which has a detrimental effect on body tissue with additional complications that are not caused by the cancer itself. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the inflammatory response and complications from chemotherapy in breast cancer patients undergoing serial chemotherapy at Ibnu Sina YW UMI Hospital, by analyzing the relationship between the Systemic Inflammation Index (SII) and various clinical complications from the effects of chemotherapy. The study design used analytical observation with total sampling technique. The research subjects were patients undergoing the third cycle of chemotherapy, 56.6% of whom were over 50 years old with a low SII distribution (73.3%) and high SII (26.7%) patients. The results showed mild pain in 86.7% and no pain in 13.3% (p=0.195), nausea and vomiting (p=0.918), and leukocytosis (p=0.046). It was concluded that an increase in the Systemic Inflammation Index correlates with an increase in leukocyte levels.
Keywords: Inflammatory, chemotherapy complications, breast cancer.
Abstrak
Kanker payudara adalah penyakit keganasan dimana sel - sel payudara abnormal tumbuh diluar kendali dan membentuk tumor dengan terapi utama pembedahan, kemoterapi atau radioterapi. Kemoterapi merupakan pilihan perawatan yang pasti dijalani bagi penderita Ca Mammae tetapi pengobatannya masih kurang spesifik sehingga dapat menimbulkan kerusakan pada jaringan normal khusunya pada sel tubuh yang dapat membelah dengan cepat. Efek sitotoksik agen kemoterapi akan mengaktifkan sinyal bahaya dan meningkatkan mediator-mediator inflamasi yang mengakibatkan munculnya komplikasi klinis. Inflamasi dimediasi oleh sitokin, pada kondisi normal sitokin berperan dalam melawan infeksi dan memperbaiki jaringan yang rusak. Namun, kemoterapi dapat menyebabkan disregulasi sitokin yang berdampak buruk bagi jaringan tubuh dengan komplikasi tambahan yang bukan disebabkan dari kanker itu sendiri. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan respon inflamasi terhadap komplikasi dari kemoterapi pada pasien Ca Mammae yang menjalani serial kemoterapi di Rumah Sakit Ibnu Sina YW UMI, dengan menganalisis hubungan antara Systemic Inflammation Index (SII) dengan berbagai komplikasi klinis dari efek kemoterapi. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan observasional analitik dengan teknik total sampling. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien kemoterapi siklus ke-3, 56,6% berusia di atas 50 tahun dengan distribusi SII rendah (73,3%),dan SII tinggi (26,7%) pasien. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan nyeri ringan 86,7%, dan tidak nyeri 13,3% (p=0,195), mual dan muntah (p=0,918), dan leukositosis (p=0,046). Disimpulkan peningkatan Systemic Inflammation Index berkorelasi dengan peningkatan kadar leukosit.
Kata Kunci: Inflamasi, komplikasi kemoterapi, Ca Mammae
References
[1] Angela N. Giaquinto MSPH, Hyuna Sung PhD, Lisa A. Newman MD, MPH, et all. 2024. Breast cancer statistics 2024. the flagship journal of the American Cancer Society. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21863
[2] International Agency for Research on Cancer. Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. 2024 [cited 2025 Oct 2].
[3] Muh. Farhan Irawan, Erlin Syaril, Akram Chalid dkk. Evaluasi Kejadian Kanker Payudara di RS Ibnu Sina Kota Makassar Tahun 2024. Fakumi Med J. 2025 Mar; 5(1).
[4] Setiati S, Alwi I, Sudoyo AW, Stiyohadi B, Syam AF. 2014. Buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam jilid I. Edisi VI. Jakarta: InternaPublishing.
[5] Brown T, Sykes D, Allen AR. Implications of Breast Cancer Chemotherapy-Induced Inflammation on the Gut, Liver, and Central Nervous System. Biomedicines. 2021;9(2):189.
[6] Amjad MT, Anusha Chidharla, Kasi A. Cancer Chemotherapy. Nih.gov. StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564367/?report=print able
[7] Bower JE, Ganz PA, Irwin MR, Cole SW, Carroll J, Kuhlman KR, Petersen L, Garet D, Asher A, Hurvitz SA, Crespi CM. Acute and Chronic Effects of Adjuvant Therapy on Inflammatory Markers in Breast Cancer Patients. JNCI Cancer Spectrum. 2022; 6 (4).
[8] Hartanto BR, Selamat B. Pengaruh Suplementasi Alfa Tokoferol Terhadap Stomatitis Terkait Kemoterapi pada Penderita Kanker Payudara Invasif (Studi pada penderita kanker payudara invasif yang diberi kemoterapi). Diponegoro University | Institutional Repository (UNDIP-IR). Undipacid. 2017.
[9] Lavy M, Gauttier V, Poirier N, Barillé-Nion S, Blanquart C. Specialized pro-resolving mediators mitigate cancer-related inflammation: role of tumor-associated macrophages and therapeutic opportunities. Front Immunol. 2021; 12:702785.
[10] Zappavigna S, Cossu AM, Grimaldi A, Bocchetti M, Ferraro GA, Nicoletti GF, et al. Anti-inflammatory drugs as anticancer agents. Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21(7): 2605.
[11] Van der Willik KD, Koppelmans V, Hauptmann M, Compter A, Ikram MA, Schagen SB. Inflammation markers and cognitive performance in breast cancer survivors 20 years after completion of chemotherapy: a cohort study. Breast Cancer Res. 2018;20(1):135.
[12] Admoun C, Mayrovitz HN. Etiologi Kanker Payudara. In: Mayrovitz HN, editor. Kanker Payudara [Internet]. Brisbane (AU): Exon Publications; 2022 Aug 6. Chapter 2. Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK583809/doi:10.36255/exon-publications-breast-cancer-etiology
[13] Mills PJ, Ancoli-Israel S, Parker B, Natarajan L, Hong S, Jain S, Sadler GR, von Känel R. Predictors of inflammation in response to anthracycline-based chemotherapy for breast cancer. Brain Behav Immun. 2008; 22(1): 98–104.
[14] Ji Y, Wang H. Prognostic prediction of systemic immune-inflammation index for patients with gynecological and breast cancers: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol. 2020;18(1):197.
[15] Gu Q, Zhao J, Liu Y, Chen H, Wang L. Association between the systemic immune-inflammation index and the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, prognosis in HER2 positive breast cancer-a retrospective cohort study. Gland Surg. 2023; 12 (5): 609–18.
[16] Darni Z, Masruroh, Nayoan C, Sulistyawati R. dkk. Perawatan Pasien Kanker. Sumatera Barat. PT Global Eksekutif Teknologi;2022.
[17] Doan LV, Yoon J, Chun J, Perez R, Wang J. Pain associated with breast cancer: etiologies and therapies. Front Pain Res. 2023;4:1182488. doi:10.3389/fpain.2023.1182488.
[18] Panis C, Pavanelli WR. Cytokines as mediators of pain-related process in breast cancer. Mediators Inflammation. 2015;2015:129034. doi:10.1155/2015/129034.
[19] Romero A, Tora-Rocamora I, Bare M, Barata T, Domingo L, Ferrer J, et al. Prevalensi nyeri persisten setelah pengobatan kanker payudara berdasarkan cara deteksi di antara peserta program skrining berbasis populasi. BMC Cancer. 2016;16(1):735. doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2768-1.
[20] Wulandari P, Pramono JS, Reski S. Correlation of chemotherapy frequency with nutritional status and leukocyte levels in breast cancer patients at Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda Regional General Hospital. Formosa J Appl Sci. 2023;2(11):3077–90.
[21] Afrianti N, Pertiwi ER, Keperawatan A, Iskandar K, Banda M, Alam K, Alam KK, Aceh B. Penerapan terapi akupresure dalam penanganan mual muntah (The application of acupressure therapy in handling post chemotherapy nausea and vomiting). 2020; 10(4):461–70.
[22] Febriani A, Rahmawati Y. Efek samping hematologi akibat kemoterapi dan tatalaksananya [Hematologic adverse effect related to chemotherapy]. J Respirol. 2019;5(1):22–8.
[23] Dede BT, Bulut B, O?uz M. Evaluation of the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Systemic Inflammatory Response Index in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients. Istanbul Med J. 2023;24(4):352–6.
[24] Gunadi, eka., trsimi istiana. 2024. Effective pain management in patients. Medulla. Vol 14. Bagian Penyakit Dalam, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Lampung.
[25] Denni W, Ariani G. The role of prostaglandin D2 receptor DP and PPAR? in bone metastasis of breast cancer. Biochem Cell Arch. 2021 Oct;21(2):4337
[26] ?epukien? V, Puzerien? E. Examining pain severity in women with rheumatoid arthritis: the impact of pain self-efficacy and perceived partner's emotional support. Health Psychol Rep. 2023; 12 (1): 14–25. doi:10.5114/hpr/167803.
[27] Arcos D, Ng DQ, Ke Y, Toh YL, Chan A. Prediction of gastrointestinal symptoms trajectories using omega-3 and inflammatory biomarkers in early-stage breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer. 2024; 32 (1): 76. doi:10.1007/s00520-023-08274-5/
[28] Ryan JL. Treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea in cancer patients. Eur Oncol. 2010; 6 (2): 14–16. doi:10.17925/eoh.2010.06.02.14.
[29] Filep FJ. Leukocytes in inflammation, resolution of inflammation, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Cells. 2021; 10 (7): 1735. doi:10.3390/cells10071735
[30] Rafli R, Abdullah D, Sinulingga BY. Gambaran efek samping dan terapi suportif pasien kanker payudara pasca kemoterapi CAF di RSUP M Dwamil Padang. Baiturrahmah Medical Journal [Internet]. 2021 Sep;1(1):8–13.
[31] Boettcher S, Manz MG. Regulation of inflammation- and infection-driven hematopoiesis. Trends Immunol. 2017; 38 (5): 345–57. doi:10.1016/j.it.2017.01.004.
[32] Sakellakis M, Reet J, Kladas M, Hoge G, Chalkias A, Radulovic M. Cancer-induced resting sinus tachycardia: an overlooked clinical diagnosis. Oncol Rev. 2024; 18: 1439415. doi:10.3389/or.2024.1439415.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.



